dismay: implies a loss of power to proceed because of a sudden fear or anxiety or because one does not know how to deal with a situation: ~ed to find herself the center of attention.


appall: implies that one is faced with that which perturbs, confounds, or shocks: ~ed by your utter lack of concern. (perturb不安implies deep disturbance of mind and emotion指深深搅乱思维情感，如perturbed by her husband's behavior丈夫的行为让她不安)


horrify: stresses a reaction of horror or revulsion from what is aghast or hideously offensive: the scope of the famine is quite ~ing.用horror自释   （aghast惊呆的filled with horror or shock，如when the news came out they were aghast消息传出，他们惊呆了）   (hideous丑陋的恐怖的，令人极端厌恶的stresses personal reaction and the horror of loathing induced by something felt as outwardly or inwardly extremely ugly，如a hurricane that caused hideous destruction飓风造成了令人恐怖的破坏)


daunt: suggests a cowing, subduing, disheartening, or frightening in a venture that requires courage: problems that would ~ even the most intrepid of reformers.


dismay气馁: 指使人不愿继续，因为突然感到担心焦虑或不知如何应对，appall震惊: 指使人不安震惊困惑，horrify恐怖: 强调恐怖极度厌恶的反应，daunt畏惧: 表示在需要勇气时表现得惊吓畏缩

记忆方法: 1）首字母DAHD得了D<==气馁

         2）气馁的意思是使人担心害怕厌恶mean to unnerve or deter by arousing fear, apprehension, or aversion.   （unnerve吓到表示丧失勇气行动力loss of courage and power to act，如unnerved by the traffic accident被交通事故吓到了）